Basic Weight and Balance Equation
This equation can be rearranged to find the distance a weight must be shifted to give a desired change in the CG location: This equation can also be rearranged to find the amount of w…
Lift-Off - Crosswind Takeoff
As the nosewheel is being raised off the runway, the holding of aileron control into the wind may result in the downwind wing rising and the downwind main wheel lifting off the runway first, with th…
Structure of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere in which flight is conducted is an envelope of air that surrounds the earth and rests upon its surface. It is as much a part of the earth as the seas or the land. However, air differs…
FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam)
The FAA is dedicated to improving the safety of United States civilian aviation by conveying safety principles and practices through training, outreach, and education. The FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) …
The Student Pilot
The first step in becoming a pilot is to select a type of aircraft. FAA rules for getting a pilot’s certificate differ depending on the type of aircraft flown. Individuals can choose among airplanes,…
Attitude Flying
In contact (VFR) flying, flying by attitude means visually establishing the airplane’s attitude with reference to the natural horizon. [Figure 3-1] Attitude is the angular difference measured between…
Continuous-Flow Oxygen System
Continuous-flow oxygen systems are usually provided for passengers. The passenger mask typically has a reservoir bag, which collects oxygen from the continuous-flow oxygen system during the time when…
Cannula
A cannula is an ergonomic piece of plastic tubing which runs under the nose and is often used to administer oxygen in non-pressurized aircraft. [Figure 6-44] Cannulas are typically more comfortable t…
Oxygen Masks
There are numerous types and designs of oxygen masks in use. The most important factor in oxygen mask use is to insure the masks and oxygen system are compatible. Crew masks are fitted to the user’s…
Brakes
Airplane brakes are located on the main wheels and are applied by either a hand control or by foot pedals (toe or heel). Foot pedals operate independently and allow for differential braking. During g…
Fixed and Retractable Landing Gear
Landing gear can also be classified as either fixed or retractable. A fixed gear always remains extended and has the advantage of simplicity combined with low maintenance. A retractable gear is desi…
Tailwheel Landing Gear Airplanes
Tailwheel landing gear aircraft have two main wheels attached to the airframe ahead of its CG that support most of the weight of the structure. A…
Parachute Rigger Regulatory Compliance
As with other airman certificates, there are additional parts of 14 CFR that are of direct concern to the parachute rigger in addition to those alr…
Fuel Gauges
The fuel quantity gauges indicate the amount of fuel measured by a sensing unit in each fuel tank and is displayed in gallons or pounds. Aircraft certification rules require accuracy in fuel gauges o…
14 CFR PART 105 SUBPART C— PARACHUTE EQUIPMENT AND PACKING
This part deals with the use of parachutes in the United States. The following areas are of interest to parachute riggers: Main parachutes used fo…
14 CFR PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
This part specifically deals with Airworthiness Directives (ADs). An AD is an amendment to the Code of Federal Regulations. An AD must be complied…
14 CFR PART 91—GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
Section 91.307 deals with parachutes and parachuting. This section defines an "approved parachute" and states the repack time for parachute…
How to Choose a Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI)
Whether an individual chooses to train under 14 CFR part 141 or part 61, the key to an effective flight program is the quality of the ground and flig…
14 CFR PART 21 SUBPART O—TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDERS (TSO)
A Technical Standard Order (TSO) is issued by the Administrator and is a minimum performance standard for specified articles, such as parachutes. It…
Becoming a Pilot - aeronautical airplane engineering
The course of instruction a student pilot follows depends on the type of certificate sought. It should include the ground and flight training necess…
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Becoming a Pilot - aeronautical airplane engineeringThe course of instruction a student pilot follows depends on the type of certificate sought. It sh… -
14 CFR PART 21 SUBPART O—TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDERS (TSO)A Technical Standard Order (TSO) is issued by the Administrator and is a minimum performance stand…
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Leading Edge DevicesHigh-lift devices also can be applied to the leading edge of the airfoil. The most common types are…
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Rate of Turn (ROT)The rate of turn (ROT) is the number of degrees (expressed in degrees per second) of heading change…
